Tanzania’s history is a rich tapestry of indigenous cultures, trade, and colonialism. The coastal regions were influenced by Arab traders as early as the 8th century, leading to the development of the Swahili culture. In the 19th century, Zanzibar became a major hub for the spice and slave trades. The mainland was colonized by Germany in the late 19th century and later by the British after World War I. Tanzania gained independence in 1961 under Julius Nyerere, who championed African socialism (Ujamaa). In 1964, Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. Today, Tanzania is celebrated for its cultural diversity, wildlife conservation, and stunning natural landscapes.